The Tao
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The
Tao is the way that can be followed,
but it is no ordinary way.
opening line of the Tao Te Ching
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The Tao Te
Ching was supposedly written by a man named Lao Tzu
(also written as Lao Tse, Laozi, and other Romanized
variants), who was leaving his country after years of
serving as a librarian in the Zhou Dynasty's imperial
archives. Supposedly, a border guard recognized him
and asked him to share his wisdom about life before he left,
so he took the time to write the Tao Te Ching (also
written Daodejing) before leaving for good.
This was in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E. The
book is the foundational text of Taoism, and is often
translated as The Book of the Way of Virtue.
On this page, you'll see two different
versions of the text, as well as observations about
it. The two versions are by Stephen Mitchell and
Ursula LeGuin, and I include them because both writers made
an effort to use language that's accessible to a
21st-century audience while still remaining true to the
source material; neither of the writers speak Chinese, so
they've used various translations to provide them with the
material they present in new form. Unfortunately, many
translators are so caught up in providing
"accurate" translations that the language becomes
stilted and difficult to comprehend at times. With a
work like the Tao, comprehension is much more important than
linguistic accuracy (which in translations, is always
debatable).
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The
moon does not fight. It attacks no one. It does not worry.
It does not
try to crush others. It keeps to its course, but by its very nature,
it gently influences. What other body could pull an entire ocean from
shore to shore? The moon is faithful to its nature and its power is
never diminished.
Deng Ming-Dao
Everyday
Tao: Living with Balance and Harmony |
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The
honey doesn't taste so good once it is being eaten; the goal doesn't mean
so much once it is reached; the reward is no so rewarding once it has been
given. If we add up all the rewards in our lives, we won't have very much.
But if we add up the spaces *between* the rewards, we'll come up with
quite a bit. And if we add up the rewards *and* the spaces, then we'll
have everything-- every minute of the time that we spent.
Benjamin
Hoff
The
Tao of Pooh |
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When
love and hate are both absent, everything becomes clear and
undisguised. Make the slightest distinction, however, and heaven and
earth are set infinitely apart. If you wish to see the truth, then
hold no opinions for or against anything. To set up what you like
against what you dislike is the disease of the mind.
Hsin
Hsin Ming
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It is
too facile to say that the way to follow Tao is to simply go along
with the flow of life. Sometimes, like the carp, we must know
when to go it alone.
Den Ming-Dao
Everyday Tao: Living with Balance and Harmony
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When a
cat falls out of a tree, it lets go of itself. The cat becomes
completely
relaxed, and lands lightly on the ground. But if a cat were
about to fall out of
a tree and suddenly make up its mind that it didn’t want to fall, it
would become
tense and rigid, and would be just a bag of broken bones upon landing.
In the
same way, it is the philosophy of the Tao that we are all falling off
a tree, at
every moment of our lives. As a matter of fact, the moment we
were born, we
were kicked off a precipice, and we are falling, and there is nothing
that can
stop it. So instead of living in a state of chronic tension, and
clinging to all
sorts of things that are actually falling with us because the whole
world is impermanent, be like a cat.
Alan Watts |
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From the
Tao Te Ching (Stephen Mitchell
version):
I have
just three things to teach:
simplicity, patience, compassion.
These three are your greatest treasures.
Simple in actions and in thoughts,
you return to the source of being.
Patient with both friends and enemies,
you accord with the way things are.
Compassionate toward yourself,
you reconcile all beings in the world.
(67) |
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Some
people think they can find satisfaction in good food, fine clothes,
lively music, and sexual pleasure. However, when they have all these
things,
they are not satisfied. They realize happiness is not simply
having their
material needs met. Thus, society has set up a system of
rewards that go
beyond material goods. These include titles, social
recognition, status, and
political power, all wrapped up in a package
called self-fulfillment. Attracted
by these prizes and goaded on by
social pressure, people spend their short lives
tiring body and mind
to chase after these goals. Perhaps this gives them the
feeling that
they have achieved something in their lives, but in reality they have
sacrificed a lot in life. They can no longer see, hear, act, feel, or
think from
their hearts. Everything they do is dictated by whether it
can get them social
gains. In the end, they've spent their lives
following other people's demands
and never lived a life of their own. How different is this
from the life of a slave or a prisoner?
Lieh-tzu
A Taoist Guide to Practical Living |
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A
beam or pillar can be used to batter down a city wall, but
it is no good
for stopping up a little hole-- this refers to
a difference in function.
Thoroughbreds like Qiji and Hualiu
could gallop a thousand li in one day,
but when it came to
catching rats they were no match for the wildcat or
the
weasel-- this refers to a difference in skill. The horned
owl catches
fleas at night and can spot the tip of a hair,
but when daylight comes, no
matter how wide it opens its
eyes, it cannot see a mound or a hill-- this
refers to a
difference in nature. Now do you say, that you are going to
make
Right your master and do away with Wrong, or make Order
your master and
do away with Disorder? If you do, then you
have not understood the principle
of heaven and earth or the
nature of the ten thousand things. This is like
saying that
you are going to make Heaven your master and do away with
Earth, or make Yin your master and do away with Yang.
Obviously it is impossible.
Zhuangzi
The
Complete Works of Chuang Tzu
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The
clouds above us join and separate,
The
breeze in the courtyard leaves and returns.
Life
is like that, so why not relax?
Who
can stop us from celebrating?
Lu
Yu |
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From the
Tao Te Ching (Stephen Mitchell
version):
The
Master gives himself up
to whatever the moment brings.
He
knows that he is going to die,
and he has nothing left to hold
on to:
no illusions in his mind, no resistances in his body.
He doesn’t think about his actions;
they flow from the core
of his being.
He holds nothing back from life;
therefore he is
ready for death,
as a man is ready for sleep after a good
day’s work. (50) |
From
the Ursula LeGuin version:
Those who think to win the world
by doing something to it,
I see them come to grief.
For the world is a sacred object.
Nothing is to be done to it.
To do anything to it is to damage it.
To seize it is to lose it.
Under heaven some things lead, some follow,
some blow hot, some cold,
some are strong, some weak,
some are fulfilled, some fail.
So the wise soul keeps away
from the extremes, excess, extravagance. (29) |
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The
teaching of the Tao
Te Ching is
moral in the deepest sense. Unencumbered
by any concept of sin, the Master
doesn’t see evil as a force to resist, but simply
as an opaqueness, a
state of self-absorption which is in disharmony with the
universal
process, so that, as with a dirty window, the light can’t shine through.
Stephen Mitchell
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Having no destination, I am never
lost.
Ikkyu
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If
only human beings
did not need to always be right
Think of how seldom
people would fight.
We'd get along better
with a lot less defenses
And feel quite secure
without high walls and fences.
We'd accept each other more
and respect each other's needs
We'd feel our inner oneness
Beyond gender, race, age, or creed.
C. Alexander and Annellen M. Simpkins
Tao in Ten
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To
light a candle is to cast a shadow.
Ursula
K. Le Guin
A
Wizard of Earthsea
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If
a man is crossing a river and an empty boat collides with his own
skiff,
even though he be a bad-tempered man he will not become very
angry.
But if he sees a man in the boat, he will shout at him to steer
clear. If the
shout is not heard, he will shout again, and yet again,
and begin cursing.
And all because there is somebody in the boat. Yet
if the boat were empty,
he would not be shouting, and not angry. If
you can empty your own boat
crossing the river of the world, no one
will oppose you, no one will seek to
harm you. . . . Who can free himself
from achievement, and from fame,
descend and be lost amid the masses
of people? That person will flow
like Tao, unseen; they will go about like Life
itself with no name and no
home. Simple is he, without distinction. To
all appearances he is a fool.
His steps leave no trace. He has no
power. He achieves nothing, has no
reputation. Since he judges no one,
no one judges him.
Such is the perfect man: His boat is empty.
Osho
Rajneesh
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You'd
be surprised how many people violate this simple principle every day
of their lives and try to fit square pegs into round holes, ignoring
the clear
reality that Things Are As They Are. We will let a selection
from the writings
of Chuang-tse illustrate: Hui-tse said to Chuang-tse,
"I have a large tree
which no carpenter can cut into lumber. Its
branches and trunk are crooked
and tough, covered with bumps and
depressions. No builder would turn his
head to look at it. Your
teachings are the same - useless, without value.
Therefore, no one
pays attention to them.
You complain that your tree is not valuable as
lumber. But you could make use
of the shade it provides, rest under
its sheltering branches, and stroll beneath
it, admiring its character
and appearance. Since it would not be endangered by
an axe, what could
threaten its existence? It is useless to you only because you
want to
make it into something else and do not use it in its proper way.
Benjamin Hoff
The Tao of Pooh
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From the
Tao Te Ching (Stephen Mitchell
version):
The
Master’s power is like this. She lets all things come and go
effortlessly, without desire. She never expects results; thus
she is never disappointed. She is never disappointed; thus
her spirit never grows old. (55) |
From
the Ursula LeGuin version:
Be broken to be whole.
Twist to be straight.
Be empty to be full.
Wear out to be renewed.
Have little and gain much.
Have much and get confused.
So wise souls hold to the one,
and test all things against it.
Not showing themselves,
they shine forth.
Not justifying themselves,
they’re self-evident.
Not praising themselves,
they’re accomplished.
Not competing,
they have in all the world no competitor.
What they used to say in the old days,
“Be broken to be whole,”
was that mistaken?
Truly, to be whole
is to return. (22) |
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We
may be floating on Tao, but there is nothing wrong with steering.
If Tao is like
a river, it is certainly good to know where the rocks are.
Den Ming-Dao
Everyday Tao: Living with Balance and Harmony
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To
know the world, one must first know themselves. Then they must
forget
themselves. Once they forgot both the world and themselves,
never again
would they be moved by worldly gains and losses.
Meng Xi Shi
Thousand Autumns: Qian Qiu
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Travel
is such a wonderful experience! Especially when you forget you are
traveling. Then you will enjoy whatever you see and do. Those who look into
themselves when
they travel will not think about what they see. In fact, there is
no distinction
between the viewer and the seen. You experience everything with
the totality of
yourself, so that every blade of grass, every mountain, every lake
is alive and
is a part of you. When there is no division between you and what is
other, this
is the ultimate experience of traveling.
Liezi
Lieh-Tzu: A Taoist Guide to Practical Living
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From the
Tao Te Ching (Stephen Mitchell
version):
Can
you step back from your own mind
and thus understand all
things? (10) |
from
the Ursula LeGuin version:
Everybody on earth knowing
that beauty is beautiful
makes ugliness.
Everybody knowing
that goodness is good
makes wickedness.
For being and nonbeing
arise together;
hard and easy
complete each other;
long and short
shape each other;
high and low
depend on each other;
note and voice
make the music together;
before and after
follow each other.
That’s why the wise soul
does without doing,
teaches without talking. (2) |
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The
Taoists realized that no single concept or value could be
considered absolute or superior. If being useful is beneficial,
the being useless is also beneficial. The ease with which such
opposites may change places is depicted in a Taoist story about
a farmer whose horse ran away.
His
neighbor commiserated only to be told, "Who knows what's
good or bad?" It was true. The next day the horse returned,
bringing with it a drove of wild horses it had befriended in its
wanderings. The neighbor came over again, this time to
congratulate the farmer on his windfall. He was met with the
same observation: "Who knows what is good or bad?"
True this time too; the next day the farmer's son tried to mount
one of the wild horses and fell off, breaking his leg. Back came
the neighbor, this time with more commiserations, only to
encounter for the third time the same response, "Who knows
what is good or bad?" And once again the farmer's point was
well taken, for the following day soldiers came by commandeering
for the army and because of his injury, the son was not drafted.
According
to the Taoists, yang and yin, light and shadow, useful and
useless are all different aspects of the whole, and the minute
we choose one side and block out the other, we upset nature's
balance. If we are to be whole and follow the way of nature, we
must pursue the difficult process of embracing the opposites.
Connie Zweig
Meeting
the Shadow |
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From the
Tao Te Ching (Stephen Mitchell
version):
Fame or integrity: which is more important?
Money or happiness: which is more valuable?
Success or failure: which is more destructive?
If you look to others for fulfillment,
you will never truly be fulfilled.
If your happiness depends on money,
you will never be happy with yourself.
Be
content with what you have;
rejoice in the way things are.
When you realize there is nothing lacking,
the whole world belongs to you. (44)
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Ursula
LeGuin:
Which is nearer,
name or self?
Which is dearer,
self or wealth?
Which gives more pain,
loss or gain?
All you grasp will be thrown away.
All you hoard will be utterly lost.
Contentment keeps disgrace away.
Restraint keeps you out of danger
so you can go on for a long, long time. (44) |
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I
have been a student of the Tao Te Ching for many years. The
depth
of its insights and the power of its gentle nurture have deeply affected
my spiritual, emotional, and even physical journey. It has
especially
affected my adventure as a parent of two remarkable children. The
great themes that permeate the Tao, such as unity, responding
without judgment, emulating natural processes, and balancing
between doing and being are central to the health of loving
parent-child relationships.
William Martin
The Parents' Tao Te Ching
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